Utilization of recycled carbide as adsorbent for adsorption of dyes and COD from textile waste
Abstract
This study assessed the potential of carbide waste (CW), a by-product of the welding industry, as a cost-effective adsorbent for removing dyes and COD from textile wastewater. CW was prepared through drying, filtering, and shaping into 2 mm-thick tablets (3 mm diameter), followed by heating at 150 °C for 120 minutes. Characterization using FTIR and SEM-EDX confirmed functional groups like hydroxyl and carbonyl and significant surface morphological changes. Batch experiments achieved maximum color and COD removal efficiencies of 94.48% and 96.73%, respectively, at 75 g adsorbent dosage and 150 min contact time. Freundlich isotherm (R² = 0.9918 for color) indicated heterogeneous adsorption, and kinetic studies fit a pseudo-second-order model. The process was exothermic, spontaneous, and governed by physical adsorption. Regeneration trials showed COD removal efficiency remained 90% after four cycles. These findings establish CW as an efficient, sustainable adsorbent with promising environmental and industrial applications for textile wastewater treatment.
Keyword : textile wastewater, CW adsorbent, adsorption, color removal, COD reduction
How to Cite
Karim, M. A., Yuniar, H., & Rabia, K. H. P. (2025). Utilization of recycled carbide as adsorbent for adsorption of dyes and COD from textile waste. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 33(2), 166–186. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2025.23564
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Boparai, H. K., Joseph, M., & O’Carroll, D. M. (2011). Kinetics and thermodynamics of cadmium ion removal by adsorption onto nano zerovalent iron particles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186(1), 458–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.029
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Dąbrowski, A. (2001). Adsorption – from theory to practice. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 93(1–3), 135–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8686(00)00082-8
de Almeida, C. A., Silva, A. C., dos Santos, C. A., & de Souza, S. M. A. G. U. (2021). Optimization of Fenton and UV/H₂O₂ processes for the treatment of textile wastewater: Evaluation of toxicity and biodegradability. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(1), Article 104576.
Devre, P. V., Patil, A. S., & Gore, A. H. (2023). Upcycling of spent granular carbon into a sustainable and recyclable biopolymeric hybrid hydrogel for highly efficient adsorptive removal of tetracycline pollutants from environmental waters and industrial effluents. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 11(2), Article 109368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2023.109368
Dhas, J. P. A. (2006). Removal of color and COD from textile wastewater using limestone and activated carbon [Master’s thesis]. University of Science Malaysia, Malaysia.
Dubinin, M. M., & Radushkevich, L. V. (1947). The equation of the characteristic curve of activated charcoal. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences USSR Physical Chemistry Section, 55, 331–337.
El Haddad, M., Mamouni, R., Saffaj, N., & Lazar, S. (2012). Removal of cationic dye – Basic Red 12 – from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto animal bone meal. Journal of the Arab University Association for Basic and Applied Sciences, 12(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaubas.2012.04.003
El Maguana, Y., Elhadiri, N., Bouchdoug, M., Benchanaa, M., & Jaouad, A. (2019). Activated carbon from prickly pear seed cake: Optimization of preparation conditions using experimental design and its application in dye removal. International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, Article 8621951. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8621951
Farhadi, A., Ameri, A., & Tamjidi, S. (2021). Application of agricultural waste as a low-cost adsorbent for removing heavy metals and dyes from wastewater: A review study. Physical Chemistry Research, 9(2), 211–226. https://doi.org/10.22036/pcr.2021.256683.1852
Foo, K. Y., & Hameed, B. H. (2010). Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems. Chemical Engineering Journal, 156(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.09.013
Forgacs, E., Cserhati, T., & Oros, G. (2004). Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters: A review. Environment International, 30(7), 953–971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.001
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