Decoding the knowledge space of ‘Architectural and Urban Traditions’ utilising a metadata framework
Abstract
This article explores the discourse on Architectural and Urban Traditions (AUT), examining its evolution expressions, and manifestations as a knowledge space. Utilising a Metadata Framework (MF) based on six lines of inquiry–scale, discipline, geographical diversity, typology, governance, and investigation methods–this research systematically examines the relationship between various research dimensions as perceived, researched, and interpreted by academics and scholars. It involves text mining and content analysis to enable deeper, data-driven exploration of evolving themes and patterns within the AUT knowledge space. The MF is implemented through the case of the International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments (IASTE), which is identified based on its focus and longstanding contribution to the discourse since the late 1980s. The study demonstrates how the two pillars of IASTE–Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review (TDSR) and the biennale conferences (recently annual conferences) have shaped the discourse on traditional environments. It primarily contributes to the field by advancing the application of the Metadata Framework (MF) as a systematic tool for mapping the evolution of AUT discourse, providing valuable insights for future research. Key findings reveal a significant rise in technological integration and governance studies, sustained interest in studying intangible cultural heritage, and growth in linking this with advanced technologies. Conclusions are drawn to elucidate evolving, emerging, and declining themes and areas within the overall knowledge space of architectural and urban traditions.
Keyword : knowledge space, text-mining, architectural and urban traditions, metadata framework
How to Cite
Patil, M. P., Salama, A. M., & Ahmed, T. M. F. (2025). Decoding the knowledge space of ‘Architectural and Urban Traditions’ utilising a metadata framework. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 49(1), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.3846/jau.2025.22729
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Daher, R. F. (1999). Gentrification and the politics of power, capital and culture in an emerging Jordanian heritage industry. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 10(2), 33–45. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23566262
Donnelly, J. (2013). Myth, modernity, and mass housing: The development of public housing in depression-era Cleveland. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 25(1), 55–68. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23612201
Downer, A. S., & Natwig, E. (1992). Rethinking “development,” “tradition,” and “cultural preservation”. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 4(1), 53–54. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23565670
Duffy, R. (2004). Global formations: Governance and resistance in the developing world. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 16(1), 44–45. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41758233
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El-Kholei, A., & Yassein, G. (2022). When public spaces speak: Investigating the tragedy of the urban commons in Alexandria, Egypt. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 33(2), 35–46. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27190879
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Gamble, J. (2010). Exploring Quito’s twenty-first-century plan: Utopic metropolitan governance in the postcolonial Andean city. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 22(1), 41. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41758788
Glassie, H. (1990). Architect, vernacular traditions, and society. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 1(2), 9–21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23566248
Hall, D. D. (1998). Community in the new urbanism: Design vision and symbolic crusade. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 9(2), 23–36. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41757683
Hilell, K. B. (2018). Political constructs of modernity and tradition: The urbanization of Haifa and Northern Palestine in the late Ottoman period (1850–1917). Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 30(1), 71–72. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26877451
Huntington, S. P. (2007). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order. The Free Press.
Jacobs, J. (1961). The death and life of great American cities. Random House.
Jencks, C. (2002). The new paradigm in architecture: The language of post-modernism. Yale University Press.
Jenkins, P. (2013). Urbanization, urbanism, and urbanity in an African city: Home spaces and house cultures. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137380173
Kahera, A. I. (1998). Building, aesthetics and technology. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 10(1), 86. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41757535
Kostof, S., & Tobias, R. (1999). The city shaped: Urban patterns and meanings through history. Thames & Hudson.
Kuhn, T. S., & Hacking, I. (2012). The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226458144.001.0001
Lawrence, R. J. (1982). Domestic space and society: A cross-cultural study. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 24(1), 104–130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500009804
Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space. Basil Blackwell Publishing.
Leigh, K. E., & Asojo, A. (1999). A spiritual celebration of cultural heritage. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 10(2), 47–59. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23566263
Li, H. A. N. (2014). “Transplanting” Yin Yu Tang to America: Preservation, value, and cultural heritage. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 25(2), 53–64. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24347717
Liu, Y. (2009). Constructing ethnic identity: Making and remaking Korean-Chinese rural houses in Yanbian, 1881-2008. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 21(1), 67–82. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41758713
Martinon, J.-P. (1992). Colonial patrimony between history and sociology. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 4(1), 24. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23565619
Moneta, A. (2020). New approaches and methods for the digital built environment. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 32(1), 37–49. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27074915
Mugerauer, R. (2008). Tradition, tourism, and technology: Epistemologies of resilience in Freiburg im Breisgau. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 20(1), 84. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41758668
Mumford, L. (1961). The city in history: Its origins, its transformations, and its prospects. Penguin Books in association with Martin Secker & Warburg.
Nam, S. (2011). Phnom Penh: From the politics of ruin to the possibilities of return. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 23(1), 55–68. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41758883
Rapoport, A. (1982). The meaning of the built environment: A nonverbal communication approach. Sage Publications.
Rowe, C., & Koetter, F. (1998). Collage city. MIT Press.
Salama, A. (2015). Urban traditions in the contemporary lived space of cities on the Arabian Peninsula. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 27(1), 20–39. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24719998
Salama, A. (2022). Knowledge spaces in architecture and urbanism – a preliminary five-year chronicle. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, 16(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-12-2021-0360
Sobti, M. P. (2022). Withering public space in Chandigarh: Transforming retail and social choreographies in the neoliberal Indian Mall. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 33(2), 47–58. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27190880
Tan, H.-B. (1995). (Re)presenting the vernacular/(re)inventing authenticity: Resort architecture in Southeast Asia. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 6(2), 25–36. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41757182
Terachi, M., Saga, R., & Tsuji, H. (2006). Trends recognition in journal papers by text mining. In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (pp. 4784–4789). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.2006.385062
Thorgrimsdottir, S. (2018). The entanglements of ethics, aesthetics, and old houses. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 30(1), 45–46. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26877399
Toffler, A. (1970). Future shock (Issue v. 644). Canadian Broadcasting Corp.
Tschumi, B. (1996). Architecture and disjunction. MIT Press.
Unakul, M. H. (2020). Global aspirations and local realities in Thailand. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 32(1), 7–23. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27074913
Vesely, D. (2004). Architecture in the age of divided representation: The question of creativity in the shadow of production. MIT Press.
Vidler, A. (2002). Warped space: Art, architecture, and anxiety in modern culture. MIT Press.
Wallerstein, I. M. (2007). World-systems analysis: An introduction. Duke University Press.
Whelan, D. (2019). Neo-traditions, politics, and the fire-pool. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 30(2), 7–19. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26899689
Yin, R. K. (2017). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. Sage Publications.
Young, S. Y. (2007). Hyper-traditions/hip villages: Urbanite villagers of Western Anatolia. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 18(2), 29–41. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41758326
Zhang, D. (2015). Courtyard houses of Beijing: Lessons from the renewal. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 27(1), 69–82. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24720001
Zheng, J. (2013). The state army, the guerrillas, and the civilian militias: Politics and the myth of the tulou, 1927-1949. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 24(2), 51–64. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41945723
Akkar, Z. M. (2005). Questioning the “publicness” of public spaces in postindustrial cities. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 16(2), 75–91. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41747747
Alhasani, N. M. (1996). Place-making: Reconciling culture and technology. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 8(1), 16–17. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41757220
Almohaisen, A. (2016). A new approach to community planning and design established by the traditions of past generations. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 28(1), 62. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44211431
AlSayyad, N. (1989). Editor’s note. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 1(1), 1–2. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23565484
AlSayyad, N. (2018). Editor’s note. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 30(1), 13. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26877334
AlSayyad, N. (2020). Editor’s note. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 31(2), 6. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26953012
AlSayyad, N. (2022). Encounters of modernity and tradition in Nasser’s Egypt: Architecture and planning discourses of Karim, Fathy and Doxiadis in the mid-twentieth century. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 33(2), 7–20. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27190877
Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. University of Minnesota Press.
Avrami, E., Haney, G., & Allen, J. (2014). New Gourna: Conservation and community. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 26(1), 85. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24347690
Baweja, V. (2015). Architecture and urbanism in “Slumdog Millionaire”: From Bombay to Mumbai. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 26(2), 7–24. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24347523
Becker, H. S. (2008). Tricks of the trade: How to think about your research while you’re doing it. University of Chicago Press.
Beckman, R. M., & Ackerknecht, D. (1993). Growth as tradition: Bern, a traditional settlement in change. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 5(1), 47–63. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41757705
Bozdogan, S. (1996). Vernacular architecture and identity politics: The case of the “Turkish house.” Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 7(2), 7–18. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41757194
Campinho, R. (2019). Hoping for Catastrophe: Epidemic threat and political ambition in colonial Macao’s early attempts at urban sanitation, 1885-1900. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 30(2), 33–46. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26899691
Castriota, L. (1999). Living in a world heritage site: Preservation policies and local history in Ouro Preto, Brazil. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 10(2), 7–19. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23566260
Chu, C. L., & Liang, C. Z. (2019). Tianyuan Dushi (田園都市): The garden city, urban planning, and visions of modernization in early-twentieth-century China. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 31(1), 39–54. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26952999
Cornell, L. L. (1997). House architecture and family form: On the origin of vernacular traditions early modern Japan. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 8(2), 21–31. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41757333
Cowan, S. (2014). Whose neighborhood? Community organizing, identity politics, and historic preservation in St. Louis. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 26(1), 17. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24347551
Crano, W. D., Brewer, M. B., & Lac, A. (2014). Principles and methods of social research. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315768311
Crysler, C. G. (2000). Writing spaces: Cultural translation and critical reflexivity in traditional dwellings and settlements review. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 11(2), 51–59. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41757859
Crysler, C. G. (2006). Violence and empathy: National museums and the spectacle of society. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 17(2), 19–38. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41758313
Da Silva Schicchi, M. C. (2015). The cultural heritage of small and medium- size cities: A new approach to metropolitan transformation in São Paulo, Brazil. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 27(1), 40–54. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24719999
Daher, R. F. (1999). Gentrification and the politics of power, capital and culture in an emerging Jordanian heritage industry. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 10(2), 33–45. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23566262
Donnelly, J. (2013). Myth, modernity, and mass housing: The development of public housing in depression-era Cleveland. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 25(1), 55–68. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23612201
Downer, A. S., & Natwig, E. (1992). Rethinking “development,” “tradition,” and “cultural preservation”. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 4(1), 53–54. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23565670
Duffy, R. (2004). Global formations: Governance and resistance in the developing world. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 16(1), 44–45. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41758233
Ekhaese, E. N., Amole, B., & Izobo-Martins, O. (2018). Prefiguring houses in a traditional city: A case for Benin house types and characteristics. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 42(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2014.994810
El-Kholei, A., & Yassein, G. (2022). When public spaces speak: Investigating the tragedy of the urban commons in Alexandria, Egypt. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 33(2), 35–46. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27190879
Florida, R. (2010). The great reset: How new ways of living and working drive post-crash prosperity. Harper.
Gamble, J. (2010). Exploring Quito’s twenty-first-century plan: Utopic metropolitan governance in the postcolonial Andean city. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 22(1), 41. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41758788
Glassie, H. (1990). Architect, vernacular traditions, and society. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 1(2), 9–21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23566248
Hall, D. D. (1998). Community in the new urbanism: Design vision and symbolic crusade. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 9(2), 23–36. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41757683
Hilell, K. B. (2018). Political constructs of modernity and tradition: The urbanization of Haifa and Northern Palestine in the late Ottoman period (1850–1917). Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 30(1), 71–72. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26877451
Huntington, S. P. (2007). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order. The Free Press.
Jacobs, J. (1961). The death and life of great American cities. Random House.
Jencks, C. (2002). The new paradigm in architecture: The language of post-modernism. Yale University Press.
Jenkins, P. (2013). Urbanization, urbanism, and urbanity in an African city: Home spaces and house cultures. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137380173
Kahera, A. I. (1998). Building, aesthetics and technology. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 10(1), 86. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41757535
Kostof, S., & Tobias, R. (1999). The city shaped: Urban patterns and meanings through history. Thames & Hudson.
Kuhn, T. S., & Hacking, I. (2012). The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226458144.001.0001
Lawrence, R. J. (1982). Domestic space and society: A cross-cultural study. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 24(1), 104–130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500009804
Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space. Basil Blackwell Publishing.
Leigh, K. E., & Asojo, A. (1999). A spiritual celebration of cultural heritage. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 10(2), 47–59. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23566263
Li, H. A. N. (2014). “Transplanting” Yin Yu Tang to America: Preservation, value, and cultural heritage. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 25(2), 53–64. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24347717
Liu, Y. (2009). Constructing ethnic identity: Making and remaking Korean-Chinese rural houses in Yanbian, 1881-2008. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 21(1), 67–82. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41758713
Martinon, J.-P. (1992). Colonial patrimony between history and sociology. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 4(1), 24. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23565619
Moneta, A. (2020). New approaches and methods for the digital built environment. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 32(1), 37–49. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27074915
Mugerauer, R. (2008). Tradition, tourism, and technology: Epistemologies of resilience in Freiburg im Breisgau. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 20(1), 84. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41758668
Mumford, L. (1961). The city in history: Its origins, its transformations, and its prospects. Penguin Books in association with Martin Secker & Warburg.
Nam, S. (2011). Phnom Penh: From the politics of ruin to the possibilities of return. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 23(1), 55–68. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41758883
Rapoport, A. (1982). The meaning of the built environment: A nonverbal communication approach. Sage Publications.
Rowe, C., & Koetter, F. (1998). Collage city. MIT Press.
Salama, A. (2015). Urban traditions in the contemporary lived space of cities on the Arabian Peninsula. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 27(1), 20–39. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24719998
Salama, A. (2022). Knowledge spaces in architecture and urbanism – a preliminary five-year chronicle. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, 16(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-12-2021-0360
Sobti, M. P. (2022). Withering public space in Chandigarh: Transforming retail and social choreographies in the neoliberal Indian Mall. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 33(2), 47–58. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27190880
Tan, H.-B. (1995). (Re)presenting the vernacular/(re)inventing authenticity: Resort architecture in Southeast Asia. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 6(2), 25–36. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41757182
Terachi, M., Saga, R., & Tsuji, H. (2006). Trends recognition in journal papers by text mining. In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (pp. 4784–4789). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.2006.385062
Thorgrimsdottir, S. (2018). The entanglements of ethics, aesthetics, and old houses. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 30(1), 45–46. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26877399
Toffler, A. (1970). Future shock (Issue v. 644). Canadian Broadcasting Corp.
Tschumi, B. (1996). Architecture and disjunction. MIT Press.
Unakul, M. H. (2020). Global aspirations and local realities in Thailand. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 32(1), 7–23. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27074913
Vesely, D. (2004). Architecture in the age of divided representation: The question of creativity in the shadow of production. MIT Press.
Vidler, A. (2002). Warped space: Art, architecture, and anxiety in modern culture. MIT Press.
Wallerstein, I. M. (2007). World-systems analysis: An introduction. Duke University Press.
Whelan, D. (2019). Neo-traditions, politics, and the fire-pool. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 30(2), 7–19. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26899689
Yin, R. K. (2017). Case study research and applications: Design and methods. Sage Publications.
Young, S. Y. (2007). Hyper-traditions/hip villages: Urbanite villagers of Western Anatolia. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 18(2), 29–41. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41758326
Zhang, D. (2015). Courtyard houses of Beijing: Lessons from the renewal. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 27(1), 69–82. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24720001
Zheng, J. (2013). The state army, the guerrillas, and the civilian militias: Politics and the myth of the tulou, 1927-1949. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review, 24(2), 51–64. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41945723