Share:


FinTech and financial inclusion: the mediating role of digital marketing

Abstract

This study aims to test the role of digital marketing as a mediating variable in the relationship between financial technology and financial inclusion. The researcher applied the descriptive analytical approach to the data collected by developing a questionnaire distributed to 375 employees in the Jordanian banking sector. The researcher also used structural equation modeling to test the study hypotheses through SmartPLS software 3. One of the study’s most important findings is that digital marketing partially mediates the relationship between financial technology and financial inclusion. The study recommends that the Jordanian commercial banking sector should use advanced strategies that enhance technological innovation and digital marketing through the existence of an evolved environment for financial technology that is optimally exploited.

Keyword : digital marketing, financial technology, financial inclusion

How to Cite
Al-Slehat, Z. A. F. (2023). FinTech and financial inclusion: the mediating role of digital marketing. Business: Theory and Practice, 24(1), 183–193. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2023.17624
Published in Issue
Apr 28, 2023
Abstract Views
1685
PDF Downloads
2358
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Abu Karsh, S., & Abufara, Y. (2020). The new era of financial technology in banking industry. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 55(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.4.54

Al Ajlouni, A., & Al-Hakim, M. (2018). Financial technology in banking industry: Challenges and opportunities. In International Conference on Economics and Administrative Sciences ICEAS2018 (pp. 1–18). SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3340363

Al-Alawi, A. I., Saleh, Z. A., Al Saffar, E. M., & Wahab, F. (2021). Factors affecting consumers’ online purchase intention through social media platforms in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. AGJSR, 38(4), 241–259. https://2u.pw/SxH2qU

Al-Dmour, H., Asfour, F., Al-Dmour, R., & Al-Dmour, A. (2022). Validation of the impact of marketing knowledge management on business performance via digital financial innovation as a mediating factor. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 52(1), 33–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-05-2020-0085

Al-Hakim, L & Al-Hamami, Z. (2017). Digital marketing and a course in achieving customer happiness. Ghari Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 14(3), 189–233. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/49901a9fcff5a0f1

Al-Hawari, M. (2005). The effect of automated service quality on bank financial performance and the mediating role of customer retention. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 10(3), 228–243. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fsm.4770189

Alkhazaleh, A. M. K., & Haddad, H. (2021). How does the Fintech services delivery affect customer satisfaction: A scenario of Jordanian banking sector. Strategic Change, 30(4), 405–413. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2434

AlMomani, A. A., & Alomari, K. F. (2021). Financial Technology (FinTech) and its role in supporting the financial and banking services sector. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(8), 1793–1802. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i8/10625

Anyfantaki, S. (2016). The evolution of financial technology (Fintech). Economic Bulletin, 2016(44), 47–62. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347946398

Asian Development Bank. (2014). Capital market financing for SMEs: A growing need in emerging Asia (Regional Economic Integration Policy Research Working Paper, 2984).

Association of Banks in Jordan. (2021). https://2u.pw/EhQ525

Banerjee, R., Donato, R., & Maruta, A. (2020). The effects of financial inclusion on development outcomes: New insights from ASEAN and East Asian countries. In ERIA Discussion Paper Series, No. 342. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003035916-3

Bansal, S. (2014). Perspective of technology in achieving financial inclusion in achieving financial inclusion in rural India. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11(2014), 472–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00213-5

Barajas, A., Beck, T., Belhaj, M., & Ben Naceur, S. (2020). Financial inclusion: What have we learned so far? What do we have to learn? (IMF Working Papers). International Monetary Fund. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513553009.001

Bi, B. Q., Dean, L., Guo, T., & Sun, X. (2020). The impact of using financial technology on positive financial behaviors. Financial Services Review, 29(1), 29–54.

Blazheska, B., Ristovska, N., & Gramatnikovski, S. (2020). The impact of digital trends on marketing. UTMS Journal of Economics, 11(1), 48–58. https://www.utmsjoe.mk/files/Vol.11.No.1/UTMSJOE-2020-1101-5.THE_IMPACT_OF_DIGITAL_TRENDS_ON_MARKETING.pdf

Bongomin, G. O. C., & Munene, J. C. (2019). Analyzing the relationship between mobile money adoption and usage and financial inclusion of MSMEs in developing countries: Mediating role of cultural norms in Uganda. Journal of African Business, 22(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2019.1695189

Bongomin, G. O. C., Munene, J. C., Ntayi, J. M., & Malinga, C. A. (2018). Exploring the mediating role of social capital in the relationship between financial intermediation and financial inclusion in rural Uganda. International Journal of Social Economics, 45(5), 829–847. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-08-2017-0357

Bongomin, G. O. C., Yosa, F., & Ntayi, J. M. (2021). Reimaging the mobile money ecosystem and financial inclusion of MSMEs in Uganda: Hedonic motivation as mediator. International Journal of Social Economics, 48(11), 1608–1628. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-09-2019-0555

Bongomin, G., & Ntayi, J. (2020). Mobile money adoption and usage and financial inclusion: Mediating effect of digital consumer protection. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 22(3), 157–176. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-01-2019-0005

Bouzana, A., & Hamdouche, W. (2020). Emerging fintech companies as an alternative to support sustainable financial inclusion for SMEs with reference to the case of Algeria. The Annals of Bechar University of Economic Sciences, 7(30), 95–109. https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/downArticle/659/7/3/149684

Buckley, R., Arner, D., & Barberis, J. (2016). 150 years of FinTech: An evolutionary analysis. JASSA The Finsia Journal of Applied Finance, 3, 22–29. https://2u.pw/kvzf20

Central Bank of Jordan. (2020). Financial stability report. Financial Stability Department, Jordan.

Central Bank of Jordan. (2021). Financial Inclusion Report 2018–2020.

Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F., Mayer, R., Johnston, K. (2006). Internet marketing: Strategy, implementation and practice (3th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.

Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F., Mayer, R., & Johnston, K. (2009). Internet marketing: Strategy, implementation and practice (4th ed.). Pearson education.

Daj, A., & Chirca, A. (2009). The adoption of digital marketing in financial services under crisis, bulletin of the Transilvania university of Braşov. Series V: Economic Sciences, 2(51), 161–166. http://webbut2.unitbv.ro/BU2009/BULETIN2009/Series%20V/BULETIN%20V%20PDF/161%20DAJ%20A_CHIRCA%20A_BUT%202009.pdf

Damodaran, A. (2013). Financial inclusion: Issues and challenges. Akgec International Journal of Technology, 4(2), 54–59. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309194840

Daud, I., Nurjannah, D., Mohyi, A., Ambarwati, T., Cahyono, Y., Haryoko, A., Handoko, A., Putra, R., Wijoyo, H., Ariyanto, A., & Jihadi, M. (2022). The effect of digital marketing, digital finance and digital payment on finance performance of Indonesian SMEs. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2021.10.006

Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Van Oudheusden, P. (2015). The global findex database: Measuring financial inclusion around the world (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 7255). The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7255

Desai, V. (2019). Digital marketing: A review. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, Conference Issue, 196–200. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23100

Doeveren, M. V. (2017). What is financial inclusion and how to stimulate this in the Netherlands? In Bank of Morocco – CEMLA – IFC Satellite Seminar at the ISI World Statistics Congress on “Financial Inclusion”. Irving Fisher Committee on Central Bank Statistics. https://www.bis.org/ifc/publ/ifcb47h.pdf

Ebong, J., & George, B. (2021). Financial Inclusion through Digital Financial Services (DFS): A study in Uganda. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(9), 393. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14090393

Farida, M. N., Soesatyo, Y., & Aji, T. S. (2021). Influence of financial literacy and use of financial technology on financial satisfaction through financial behavior. International Journal of Education & Literacy Studies, 9(1), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.9n.1p.86

Fellag, S., & Charfi, S. (2020). The role of the financial technology industry in promoting digital financial inclusion in the Arab world: Experience of the Kingdom of Bahrain. Social and Human Sciences Review, 21(11), 297–320. https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/downArticle/97/21/1/122057

Gautam, V., & Sharma, V. (2017). The mediating role of customer relationship on the social media marketing and purchase intention relationship with special reference to luxury fashion brands. Journal of Promotion Management, 23(6), 872–888. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2017.1323262

George, I. (2020). Effect of the digital banking on financial inclusion among commercial banks in Tanzania: The case of CRDB, NMB AND NBC [Master Thesis, Mzumbe University].

Gokilavani, R., & Durgarani, M. (2020). A study on financial inclusion through mobile banking technology of public sector banks. Productivity, 61(1), 48–59. https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2020.61.01.5

Goswami, Sh., Sharma, R. B., & Chouhan, V. (2022). Impact of financial technology (Fintech) on financial inclusion (FI) in Rural India. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance 10(2), 483–497. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujaf.2022.100213

Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.

Hair, J. F., Hult, T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (1st ed.). Sage.

Hasbi, I., Pradana, M., Wijaksana, T. I., Reshanggono, A. S., & Arwiyah, Y. (2021). Digital marketing, functional and hedonic quality effects on perceived value of Indonesian shopping center. Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences, 24(6), 1–8.

Hassan, M. A. (2022). The impact of investment in information technology on financial performance. IUG Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 30(1), 83–109. https://doi.org/10.33976/IUGJEB.30.1/2022/4

Hollanders, M. (2020). FinTech and financial inclusion: Opportunities and challenges. Journal of Payments Strategy & Systems, 14(4), 315–325.

Iskandar, Z. (2020). The role of financial technology in enhancing the effectiveness of financial inclusion a standard study of the opinions of a sample of workers in the Mosul Bank for Development and investment in Nineveh governorate. Journal of Administration and Economics, 9(33), 92–124. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/f9ec286de5bddee9

Ištvanić, M., Milić, D., & Krpić, Z. (2017). Digital marketing in the business environment. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Systems, 8(2), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.8.2.4

Jaafar, N. S., & Khan, N. (2022). Impact of digital marketing innovation in competitive event industry during Covid-19: Evidence from Malaysia and The United States. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 16(9), 130–145. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i09.27915

Jar Allah, M. A. (2017). Digital marketing and its role in enhancing the mental image of the organization [Master Thesis, University of Karbala, Iraq]. https://uokerbala.edu.iq/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rp-Digital-marketing-and-its-role-in-enhancing-the-mental-image.pdf

Kapadia, J. M. (2020). Blockchain technology: Application in the financial industry. Scholedge International Journal of Management & Development, 7(8), 130–135. https://doi.org/10.19085/sijmd070801

Kemal, A. A. (2019). Mobile banking in the government-to-person payment sector for financial inclusion in Pakistan. Information Technology for Development, 25(3), 475–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2017.1422105

Khaerunnisa, L. (2018). The role of financial technology toward financial inclusion in Indonesia: Chance and challenge. In The 5th International Conference on New Ideas in Management, Economics and Accounting. Paris, France. https://doi.org/10.33422/5imea.2018.02.45

Khurana, N. (2018). A study of impact of financial technology on banking sector in India. International Journal of Management and Social Science, 6(8), 73–82. https://www.academia.edu/38402183/A_Study_of_Impact_of_Financial_Technology_on_Banking_Sector_in_India

Kim, M., Zoo, H., Lee, H., & Kang, J. (2018). Mobile financial services, financial inclusion, and development: A systematic review of academic literature. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 84(5), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/isd2.12044

Korynski, P. (2019). The contribution of the Fintech sector to financial inclusion and health a review of opportunities and challenges. Microfinance Center. https://mfc.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SUMMARY-PAPER_FINTECH-CASE-STUDY_FEB2020.pdf

Kovalchuk, Y. (2020). Modern fintech directions in the banking sector [PhD thesis, Ternopil National Economic University, Ternopil, Ukraine].

Kowsalya, K. R. (2020). A study on digital marketing and its impact on consumer buying behaviour. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 9(1), 344–345.

Krejcie, R., & Morgan, D. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308

Kumar, N., Sharma, S., & Vyas, M. (2019). Impact of digital banking on financial inclusion: An investigation on youngsters in Rupnagar City, Punjab. International Journal of Management, IT & Engineering, 9(5), 365–374. https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2019/IJMIE_MAY2019/IJMRA-15.pdf

Kumaran, V. V., Nathan, Sh. S., Hussain, A., & Hashim, N. L. (2019). Mobile banking usability evaluation among deaf: A review on financial technology and digital economy prospects. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 13(11), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v13i11.11512

Kurmanova, L. R., Kurmanova, K. A., & Nurdavlatova, E. F. (2020). Financial technologies as a tool for comprehensive banking services, advances in economics. Business and Management Research, 128, 426–431. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200312.061

Kurniasari, F., Gunardi, A., Putri, F. P., & Firmansyah, A. (2021). The role of financial technology to increase financial inclusion in Indonesia. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 5(3), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2021.5.004

Lamidi, & Rahadhini, M. D. (2021). The effect of digital marketing and financial inclusion on business sustainability through marketing performance culinary MSME’s in Surakarta. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 4(6), 716–723. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v4-i6-06

Lee, E. (2021). Digital financial inclusion: Observations and insights from Hong Kong’s virtual banks. Law and Contemporary Problems, 84(95), 95–113. https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4987&context=lcp

Leong, K., & Sung, A. (2018). FinTech (financial technology): What is it and how to use technologies to create business value in Fintech way? International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 9(2), 74–78. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijimt.2018.9.2.791

Li, J., Li, N., & Cheng, X. (2021). The impact of fintech on corporate technology innovation based on driving effects, mechanism identification, and heterogeneity analysis. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, 2021, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7825120

Li, Q. (2021). Research on the impact mechanism and application of financial digitization and optimization on small- and medium-sized enterprises. Hindawi Scientific Programming, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9534976

Li, Z. (2022). Accurate digital marketing communication based on intelligent data analysis. Scientific Programming, 2022, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8294891

Liu, G., Huang, Y., & Huang, Z. (2021). Determinants and mechanisms of digital financial inclusion development: Based on urban-rural differences. Agronomy, 11(9), 1833. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091833

Liu, J., Li, X., & Wang, S. (2020). What have we learnt from 10 years of fintech research? A scientometric analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120022

Liu, Y., Saleem, Sh., Shabbir, R., Shabbir, M. Sh., Irshas, A., & Khan, Sh. (2021). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance: A moderate role of fintech technology. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 20174–20187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11822-9

Manju, P., & Kavitha, M. (2021). Digital marketing and customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction in COVID-19. Elementary Education Online, 20(5), 2761–2764. https://www.ilkogretim-online.org/fulltext/218-1615798242.pdf

Milian, E. Z., Spinola, M. D., & Carvalho, M. M., (2019). Fintechs: A literature review and research agenda. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 34, 100833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2019.100833

Minculete, G., & Olar, P. (2018). Approaches to the modern concept of digital marketing. In International Conference Knowledge-based organization, XXIV(2). De Gruyter Open. https://doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2018-0067

Mobydeen, W. A. O. (2021). The impact of digital marketing practices on the organizational performance in the mobile phone companies in Jordan [Master’s Thesis, Near East University, Jordan]. http://docs.neu.edu.tr/library/9292951663.pdf

Nyimbiri, B. A. (2021). The impact of the mobile money on people’s use of financial services in Sub-Sahara Africa. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 9(1), 137–146.

Owens, J. (2013). Offering digital financial services to promote financial inclusion: Lessons we’ve learned. Innovations, 8(1/2), 271–282. https://doi.org/10.1162/INOV_a_00179

Ozili, P. K. (2020). Theories of financial inclusion. In E. Özen & S. Grima, (Ed.) Uncertainty and challenges in contemporary economic behaviour (Emerald studies in finance, insurance, and risk management) (pp. 89–115). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80043-095-220201008

Phimolsathien, T. (2021). Determinants of the use of financial technology (Fintech) in Generation Y. Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana, 26(2), 27–35. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/279/27966514003/html/

Piñeiro-Otero, T., & Martínez-Rolán, X. (2016). Understanding digital marketing – basics and actions. In MBA: Theory and Application of Business and Management Principles (pp. 37–74). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28281-7_2

Popović-Pantić, S., Semenčenko, D., & Vasilić, N. (2020). Digital technologies and the financial performance of female SMES in Serbia: The mediating role of innovation. Economic Annals, LXV(224), 53–80. https://doi.org/10.2298/EKA2024053P

Prabowo, W. A. (2018). Pengaruh Digital Marketing terhadap Organizational Performance Dengan Intellectual Capital dan Perceived Quality sebagai Variabel Intervening pada Industri Hotel Bintang Tiga di Jawa Timur. Jurnal Manajemen Pemasaran, 12(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.9744/pemasaran.12.2.101-112

Preacher, K., & Hayes, A. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879

Purba, J. T., Budiono, S., Rajagukguk, W., Samosir, P., & Adirinekso, G. P. (2020, 10–14, August). E-business services strategy with financial technology: Evidence from Indonesia. In The Proceedings of the 5th NA International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Detroit, Michigan.

Quddus, A. (2020). Financial technology and the evolving landscape of banking and financial sector. The IUP Journal of Bank Management, XIX(4), 60–73. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3693178

Rainer, A., Beck R., & Smits, M. (2018). Fintech and the transformation of the financial industry. Electronic Markets, 28, 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-018-0310-9

Roy, S. (2015). Financial inclusion: A critical assessment of its concepts and measurement. Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, 5(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-7307.2015.00002.X

Rullis, H., & Sloka, B. (2010). Marketing within internet banking in Latvia: Possibilities and challenges in commercial banks. Economics and Management, 2010(15), 705–710.

Saksonova, S., & Kuzmina-Merlino, I. (2017). Fintech as financial innovation – the possibilities and problems of implementation. European Research Studies Journal, e-XX(3A), 961–973. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/757

Saraswati, B. D., Maski, G., Kaluge, D., & Sakti, R. K. (2021). The impact of financial technology on consumption function of the theory of absolute income hypothesis: A partial adjustment model approach (The Indonesian evidence). Business: Theory and Practice, 23(1), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2022.10789

Schueffel, P. (2016). Taming the beast: A scientific definition of Fintech. Journal of Innovation Management, 4(4), 32–54. https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_004.004_0004

Shen, Y., Hueng, J., & Hu, W. (2020). Using digital technology to improve financial inclusion in China. Applied Economics Letters, 27(1), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2019.1606401

Shin, J. W. (2021). Mediating effect of satisfaction in the relationship between customer experience and intention to reuse digital banks in Korea. Social Behavior and Personality, 49(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.9753

Siddiqui, T. A., & Siddiqui, K. I. (2020). FinTech in India: An analysis on impact of telecommunication on financial inclusion. Strategic Change, 29(3), 321–330. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2331

Sindani, M. W., Muturi, W., & Ngumi, P. (2019). Effect of financial distribution channels evolution on financial inclusion in Kenya. International Academic Journal of Economics and Finance, 3(3), 148–173. https://www.iajournals.org/articles/iajef_v3_i3_148_173.pdf

Stokes, R. (2011). eMarketing The essential guide to digital marketing (4th ed.). Quirk (Pty) Ltd. http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/oer/files/original/50e0b0690f39ce2772db5e03df648c34.pdf

Subanidja, S., Legowo, M. B., & Sorongan, F. A. (2021). The impact of FinTech on the financial and banking sustainable performance: Disruption or collaboration. ICEBE. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.1-10-2020.2304698

Tan, J. D., Purba, J. T., & Widjaya, A. E. (2018). Financial technology as an innovation strategy for digital payment services in the millenial generation. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 292, 364–373. https://doi.org/10.2991/agc-18.2019.58

Tapanainen, T. (2020). Toward Fintech adoption framework for developing countries – a literature review based on the stakeholder perspective. Journal of Information Technology Applications & Management, 27(5), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.21219/jitam.2020.27.5.001

Teixeira, S., Martins, J., Branco, F., Gonçalves, R., Au-Yong-Oliveira, M., & Moreira, F. (2018). A theoretical analysis of digital marketing adoption by startups. In Trends and Applications in Software Engineering, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 688, 94–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69341-5_9

Teutio, A. O. N., Kamdjoug, J. R. K., & Gueyi, J.-P. (2021). Mobile money, bank deposit and perceived financial inclusion in Cameroon. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 35(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1953908

Vidal, C., Póvoa, A., Teixeira, I., & Marcos, A. (2021). The new era of digital marketing: Content marketing and inbound marketing. In 16th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). Chaves, Portugal.

Villarreal, F. (2017). Financial inclusion of small rural producers. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). Santiago, United Nations. https://doi.org/10.18356/ef9805cb-en

Vyas, V., & Jain, P. (2021). Role of digital economy and technology adoption for financial inclusion in India. Indian Growth and Development Review, 14(3), 302–324. https://doi.org/10.1108/IGDR-01-2020-0009

Wang, H., Feng, J., Zhang, H., & Li, X. (2020). The effect of digital transformation strategy on performance: The moderating role of cognitive conflict. International Journal of Conflict Management, 31(3), 441–462. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-09-2019-0166

Wardhani, N. K. (2021). Do financial technology firms influence bank performance? A reverse engineered pitch. Accounting and Management Information Systems, 20(1), 154–160. https://doi.org/10.24818/jamis.2021.01008

Zaghlol, A. K., Ramdhan, N., & Othman, N. (2021). The Nexus between FinTech adoption and financial development in Malaysia: An overview. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 13(4), 365–375. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356194561

Zins, A., & Weill, L. (2016). The determinants of financial inclusion in Africa. Review of Development Finance, 6(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2016.05.001